Hydrocarbon-burner.



Patented May 27,1902.

, No. 700,9I4.

J. F. HARDY.

HYDROCARBUN BURNER.

(Application filed Oct. 15, 1900.)

(N0 Model.)

UNTTE STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN F. HARDY, OF lVlONTICELLQ'INDIANA.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 700,914, dated May 27, 1902. Application filed October l5, 1900. Serial No. 33,091. (No model.)l

To @ZZ whom, it 711160Z/ concern;

Beit known that I, JOHN F. HARDY, of Monticello, in the county of Vhite and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-B urners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecitication.

This invention relates to improvements in hydrocarbon-burners ofthat class in which the flame of the admixture of the hydrocarbon vapor and air is directed against a reticulated tube of refractory material to heat the same to incandescence.

Certain of the features of the invention may, however, be used with burners for different purposes.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Figure l is a fragmentary vertical section of a burner made in accordance with my invention,taken on line l l of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 3 3 of Fig. l with parts shown in elevation. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line 4 t of Fig. 2 with parts shown in sections. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line 5 5 of Fig. 3, showing parts in elevation. Fig. 6 is a detached view showing a closure for closing an opening in the jacket depending from the burner-body.

As shown in the drawings, A designates the body of the burner,embracing a disk-like part and a hollow shell or casing A of less diameter than the disk and providedwith a depending flange or jacket A2, concentric with and herein shown as made separate from and attached to the body by screws. Said casing A' is made of such size as to receive the usual gallery which supports the refractory mantle and the Iampchimney. Said body portion is provided on its under side with two openings A3 A4, which are screw-threaded to receive, respectively, an annular fitting B, to which is attached the fixture su pply-pipe C, and an angular' injector-pipe consisting of a vertical part D and a horizontal part D', on which latter is formed a vertically-arranged tubular part or slccveE and at the upper end of which `carbon fuel from said nozzle.

sleeve is located a jet-nozzle e, from which issues the superheated vaporized or gaseous hydrocarbon after having passed through the variousvaporizing and superheated passages to be hereinafter described. The bore of the horizontal part of the injector-tubeD is provided with a valve-stem D2, provided on its inner end with a conical valve d, adapted to engage a similarly-shaped Valvefseat in said passage and by which the supply of the generated gas or vapor is controlled to the nozzle e. The nozzle e is adapted to be cleaned by a cleaning-needle e', which is attached to a rotative endwise-movable shaft E2, which has screw-threaded engagement'with the bore of the sleeve or tubular part E and provided at its lower end with a disk or wheel to rotate the same. Said sleeve E is herein shown as formed integral with the Vhorizontal part of the injector-tube and with the passage therein communicating with the passage of said injector-tube. Said horizontalpart of the injector-tube passes across theV burner at one side of the central axis thereof, and the nozzle e is located concentrically with respect to the central-axis of the burner.

F designates a tube depending' from the body A, said tube being screw-threaded at its upper end and engaging "a screw threaded opening in said body and projecting at said screwvthreaded end through the body. Said tube F and the interior of the shell A' constitute the mixing-chamber of the burner, and the lower end of the tube F is located above the jet-nozzle e to receive the gaseous hydro- 1 l The opening in the body through which the tube F passes is hereinshown as located at one side of the central axis of the burner, and the tube F is therefore disposed obliquely with respect to said axis, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

The opening A3 communicates with an upwardly-opening passage a', formed inthe wall of the shell or casing A', whichV passage is closed at its upper end. Similarly the opening A4 communicates with an upwardly-directed passage a2, formed in the wall of the shell or casing A', closely adjacent to the opening a', and which passage a2 is closed at its upper end. Said passages a' a2 are connected near their lower ends by means of an obliquelydisposed connectingpassage a3, drilled in the ICO -formed outside of or partially outside the walls of the shell.

G designates a small tube which has screwthreaded connection at its lower end with the end of the supply-tube B which enters the passage a', and H designates a similar tube located in the passage c2 and having screw-l threaded conncction at its lower end with the part of the injector-tube which enters the opening A4. Said passages c and a2 are formed to provide a conduit outside the tubes for the passage of the fuel fluid therein. ln this instance the tubes G and H are made of such diameter as to provide annular passage-ways or conduits surrounding said tubes; but such conduits may be otherwise formed. The tubes terminate short of the upper ends of the passages a a2, so that said conduits have open communication with the bores of the tubes. The tubes G and H form, in eect, continua- 4tions of the supply-tube and injector-tubes, respectively, and may, if desired, be made integral therewith. 'l

I designates a screen which extends across the upper open end of the shell or casing A and rests at its edges upon an annular shoulder or rabbet a4, formed on the inner surface of said casing. Said screen serves the usual purposes of a guard to prevent the ilame passing downwardly into the burner, as usual in devices of this character. In order to hold the screen in place, it is made of concavo-con- Vex form and is made of such size as to spring into place and held therein by its resiliency.

J designates an initial heating-cup which surrounds the lower end of the sleeve or tu bular part E and arranged concentrically with respect to the axis of the burner. Said cup is of a diameter equal to the depending flange or jacket A2 and is preferably made of sheet metal and pressed tightly against the stufE- ing-box e2 at the lower end of said sleeve or tubular part E and is thereby held in place. Said initial heating-cup is adapted to contain a burning fluid, which is ignited to heat the horizontal arm of the injector-tube in starting the burner, as is usual in this class of burners. A space is left between the upper edge of the heating-cup .l and the lower edgev of the jacket A2 of the body to permit entrance of air to the mixing-chamber.

`I have provided a novel form of wick K, which is located in the initial heating-cup to absorb a burning liquid placed within the cup, such as alcohol or the like, and designed to present a maximum area of the 'burning liquid to the action of the air. The wick in this instance consists of 'a wire which is covered with an absorbent material of practically an indestructible character, suchas asbestos. such material it is wound in spiral form and afterward bent in the form of a ring, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to surround the sleeve E. The asbestos absorbs the liquid with which it comes in contact, and the spiral/form of the wick is such as to presenta maximum amount of surface to the action of the air, so that the liquid will burn freely.

In the operation of the burner and after the mixture has been ignited at the upper end of said shell the liquid hydrocarbon passes from the supply-pipe C through the angular fitting B into the lower end of the tube G and passes upwardly therethrough and escapes at the upper end of said tube into the conduit surrounding the tube. The upper part of said passage a being located immediately subjacent to the llame becomes highly heated, so that the liquid hydrocarbon is vaporized in the upper end of said tube and the upper end of the conduit, and the resultant vapor passes downwardly through said conduit and through the connecting -passage a3 at the lower end thereof to the conduit surrounding the tube H, connected with the injector-tube. The vaporized fuel passes upwardly through said passage a2 and at the upper end thereof becomes superheated and enters the upper end of the tube H, through which it passes downwardly into the injector-tube and from whence it is discharged into the mixing-chamber. The passage in the tube G and the surrounding conduit may be termed the primary passage, while the passage in the tube Hand the surrounding conduit may be termed the secondary passage.

In the operation of the burner all or the greater part of the Vaporization of the hydrocarbon fuel will take place in the tube G, so that the remaining parts of the primary and secondary passages will be devoted to heating and superheating the gasiiied fuel. It will be observed that by reason of the peculiar arrangement of said passages the total or aggregate length of the primary and secondary passages is equal to about four times the length of either of the passages Life2, thereby providing an enormous heating-surface for the effective heating of the gasified fuel. In order to further increase the radiating-surfaces of the passages c. a2, the same are provided with roughened inner walls', such roughening of the walls being herein shown as effected by providing said passages with interior screw-threads. It will be observed, furthermore, that the liquid fuel enters the burner through the interior of the tube G and is vaporized before or at the point of issuing from said tube, so that the vaporized fuel is subjected to a much larger heating-surface, consisting of the walls of the passage c', than if the arrangement were reversed and the liquid fuel entered the passage a and the vapor generated therefrom were returned through the passage in the tube G. In the latter case the tube G being surrounded by After the wire has been covered with IOO IIO

the relatively cool liquid fuel entering the passage a the vaporized fuel would in its return passage through said tube lose a considerable portion of its heat by reason of the comparative insulation of the tube G from the heated parts of the burner, with the result of a less effective heating of the gaseous fuel. Furthermore, it will be observed that the passage a terminates above the point of entrance of the liquid fuel into the tube G, so that the liquid when it reaches the level of the lower end of the passage a' will have become to an extent heated, and said incoming liquid fuel will not to any appreciable extent absorb heat from the already-heated vaporized fuel passing downwardly through the conduit in the passage a'.

The jacket A2 is slipped downwardly over the body A and is provided with a downwardly-opening vertical slot a5, which passes over the supply-tube fitting B. Means are provided for closing said slot, consisting of a plate L, curved in cross-section to conform to the curvature of the jacket and provided with an opening` at its upper end by which it may be suspended from the tting B, said opening being made of such size as to be slipped over the inner end of said fitting before the same is attached to the burner-body. The plate is made of a width to overlap the margins of the jacket-wall on each side of the slot. Said fitting is provided outside the plate with a protuberance B', which engages the plate in such manner as to hold the same in place to cover said slot. As herein shown, the inner surface of said protuberance is made conical, so that the weight of the plate maintains the same in engagement with the smaller part of the cone and in position to close the slot. The slot is opened by swinging the plate upwardly, and the hole in the plate is made of such size as to permit it to ride over the larger part of the cone, the curved shape of the plate and jacket causing the plate to be pushed laterally outwardly over the cone when the plate is thrown upwardly. When the plate is released, the weight thereof cooperates with the cone and causes the plate to slide inwardly to its closing position. lf desired, the protuberauce B' may be so formed as not to permit the plate to be moved laterally outwardly, in which event the plate will be made of a resilient material, so that when swung upwardly the part containing the opening will flatten somewhat, and when moved downwardly into its closing position the resiliency of the plate will cause the same to resume its curved cross-section, so that it will fit closely over the wall of the jacket containing the slot. The slot or opening a5 in the construction illustrated is provided for two reasons-namely, to permit the jacket to be slipped downwardly over the supply-pipe fitting B and to afford means for gaining easy access to the nozzle or other parts of the burner to clean the same. The closure is provided to prevent lateral drafts entering the jacket and to give a Iinished appearance thereto. In case the supply-pipe be otherwise connected with the burner and does not pass through the jacket the plate may be suspended from a suitable support located over the slot.

I claim as my inventionl. A hydrocarbon-burner comprising a body portion provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-pipe and an injector-tube, the latter discharging into the mixing-chamber, said body portion embracing a rising shell which surrounds the upperpart of the mixing-chamber, the wall of said shell being provided with a passage which extends at its upper end near the point of combustion and communicates with the injector-tube, and said supplypipe having a tubular part which enters a second passage in the wall of said shell and terminates adjacent to the point of combustion of the burner, said second passage being constructed to provide outside of the tubular part a conduit which communicates with the first mentioned passage and therethrough with the injector-tube, and the tubular part communicating at its upper end with said conduit, said supplypipe fitting detachablywithin an opening in the body portion, and the tubular part being connected with the supply-pipe so as to be removable therewith from the body portion.

2. Ahydrocarbon-burner comprisingabody portion provided with a centrally -located mixing-chamber, a supply-pipe and an injector-tube, the latter discharging into the mixing-chamber, said supply-pipe havinga tubular part which enters a vertical passage formed in the wall of the mixing-chamber and terminating adjacent to the point of combustion of the burner, said passage being constructed to provide outside the tubular part a conduit which communicates with the injector-tube, the tubular part communicating at its upper end with said conduit and the passage havinga roughened interior to increase its radiating-surface.

3. Ahydrocarbon-burner comprisingabody portion provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-tube and an injector-tube,which latter discharges into said mixing-chamber, said body portion embracing a rising shell which surrounds the upper end of the mixing-chamber and said supply and injector tubes com municating with each other through the medium of a tortuous vaporizing and superheating passage formed in the wall of said shell and embracing two similar parts, each consisting of an outer and an inner passage which have communication with each other at the upper ends thereof and the two parts of the tortuous passage communicating with each other near the lower ends thereof through an opening formed in the body of the burner.

4. Ahydrocarbon-burnercomprisingabody portion provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-tube and an injector-tube, the latter discharging into the mixing-chamber, said IOO IIO

body portion embracing a rising hollow shell which surrounds the upper part of the mixing-chamber, said shell being provided in its wall with upwardly-directed passages which terminate adjacent to the point of combustion of the burner, and the supply and injector tubes having tubular parts which enter said passages and communicate at their upper ends with conduits formed in the passages and surrounding the tubular parts, said conduits being connected by a communicating passage.

5. Ahydrocarbon-burnercomprisingabody portion provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-tube and an injector-tube,which latter discharges into said mixing chamber, said supply and injector tubes communicating with each other through the medium of a tortuous vaporizing and su perheating passage, said passage embracing two similar parts, each consisting of an outer and an inner passage which have communication with each other at their upper ends, and one of which is provided with a roughened inner wall, the two parts of the tortuous passage communieating with each other near the lower ends thereof.

6. Ahydrocarbon-burnercomprisingabody portion provided with a mixing-chamber, and with a passage extending at its upper end near the point of combustion, an injector-tube discharging into the mixing-chamber and communicating at its end remote from the mixing-chamber with said passage, and a supplypipe tting detachably within an opening in the body portion and provided with a reduced part which enters a passage in the body portion, said reduced part being connected with the supply-pipe and locatedvinalinement therewith so as to be removable from the body portion with said pipe and communicating at its upper end near the point of combustion with said passage, and the passage communicating at its lower end with the first-mentioned passage and the injector-tube.

7. Ahydrocarbon-burner comprisinga body portion provided with a mixing-chamber, an injector tube discharging into the mixingchamber, said body being provided with a supply-passage which terminates near the point of combustion and adapted for connection witha supply-pipe, and the injector-tube being provided at its upper end with a reduced portion which enters a second elongated passage in said body and is located concentrically therein, said reduced portion communicating at its upper end near the point of combustion with said second passage, and said second passage communicating through a small connecting-passage with the supplypassage of the burner.

8. A hydrocarbon-burner provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-pipe and an injector-tube, the latter discharging into the mixing-chamber, said injector-tube having a reduced part which enters a passage formed in the wall of the mixing-chamber and terminates adjacent to the point of combustion of the burner, said. passage being constructed to provide outside of the tubular part a conduit` which communicatesV with the supply-pipe, the tubular part communicating at its upper end with said conduit and said passage having a roughenedinner wall.

9. Ahydrocarbon-burner comprisingabody portion provided with a mixing-chamber, and with a passage extending atits upper end near the point of combustion, an injector-tube discharging into th'e mixing-chamber and communicating at its end remote from the mixin g-chamber with said passage, and a supplypipe communicating with a reduced part which enters a second passage in the body portion, said reduced part communicating at its upper end near the point of combustion with said second passage and said second passage communicating at its lower end with the first passage and therethrough with the injector-tube. v

l0. The combination with the body of a hydrocarbon-burner provided with an annular depending shell or jacket, which latter is provided in its wall with an opening, of a plate curved to conform to the curved surface of said jacket adapted to close said opening, said plate depending loosely from a support projecting from the jacket, whereby it is swung by its weight to its lowermost position, and means on said support acting when the plate is swung downwardly to move the same closely against the jacket-wall.

l1. The combination with the body of a hydrocarbon-burner provided with an annular depending shell or jacket, which latter is provided in its wall with an opening, of a curved plate pivoted to a support projecting from the jacket, and a conical projection on the support radially outside the plate with respect to the axis of the jacket, the pivot-opening in' the plate being made larger than its pivotsupport inside said conical projection whereby, when the plate is swung upwardly, the pivoted end thereof moves upwardly and outwardly over said conical projection, said plate when relieved swinging downwardly by gravity into its closing position, and the conical projection causing the plate to be moved inwardly against the jacket-wall.

l2. The combination with the body of a hydrocarbonburner provided with a supplypipe, and a ange or jacket depending from the body, which latter i's provided with a slot to pass over said supply-pipe, of la plate depending loosely from said supply-pipe adapted to cover said slot and curved to correspond to the outer curved surface of said flange or jacket, said plate being free to swing to its lowermost position by its own weight when released, and means on said support acting when the plate is swung downwardly to move the plate closely against said jacket.

13. A hydrocarbon-burner comprising a body portion provided with a mixing-chamber, a supply-tube and an injector-tube con- IOO IIC

neoted with vaporizing and superheating pasprising a wire covered with an absorbent ma sages in said body portion, said injector-tube teral, said wick being` coiled in spiral form discharging into the mixing-chamber, an auxliaryheating-cup located below the said in- 5 jeotor-tube and provided with L Wick oomprising a wire covered with an absorbent ma ferial and coied in spiral form.

I4. A Wick for the purpose set forth and comprising a wire covered With an absorbent 1o material and coiled in spiral form.

l5. A Wick for the purpose set forth comand shaped into a ring.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as myinvention I afx my signature, in presence of two Witnesses, this 10th day of October,

JOHN F. HARDY. Witnesses:

WILLIAM L. HALL, GERTRUDE BRYCE. 

